East Indian Rosewood #2

East Indian Rosewood

Common Name(s): East Indian Rosewood, Indian Rosewood, sonokeling

Scientific Name: Dalbergia latifolia

Distribution: India, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia

Tree Size: 100 ft (30 m) tall, 2-4 ft (.6-1.2 m) trunk diameter

Average Dried Weight: 52 lbs/ft³ (830 kg/m³)

Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): .70, .83

Janka Hardness: 2,440 lb_f (10,870 N)

Modulus of Rupture: 16,590 lb_f/in² (114.4 MPa)

Elastic Modulus: 1,668,000 lb_f/in² (11.50 GPa)

Crushing Strength: 8,660 lb_f/in² (59.7 MPa)

Shrinkage: Radial: 2.7%, Tangential: 5.9%, Volumetric: 8.5%, T/R Ratio: 2.2

Color/Appearance: Heartwood of East Indian Rosewood can vary from a golden brown to a deep purplish brown, with darker brown streaks. The wood darkens with age, usually becoming a deep brown.

Grain/Texture: Has a medium texture and fairly small pores. The grain is usually narrowly interlocked.

Endgrain: Diffuse-porous; medium to large pores in no specific arrangement, very few to few; solitary and radial multiples of 2-3; heartwood deposits (dark brown) occasionally present; narrow rays not visible without lens, normal to fairly close spacing; parenchyma banded, vasicentric, lozenge, winged, and confluent.

Rot Resistance: Rated as very durable and resistant to termite attack.

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Workability: East Indian Rosewood can be difficult to work with tools because of its interlocked grain and density. The wood can sometimes contain chalky deposits that will rapidly dull cutting edges. Glues and finishes well, though color from the wood’s natural resins can inadvertently bleed onto surrounding surfaces when applying a finish, so care must be taken on the initial seal coats.

Odor: Has a distinct, rose-like scent when being worked; some find its scent less pleasant than other Dalbergia rosewoods.

Allergies/Toxicity: Although severe reactions are somewhat uncommon, East Indian Rosewood has been reported as a sensitizer. Usually the most common reaction is skin irritation. See the articles Wood Allergies and Toxicity and Wood Dust Safety for more information.

Pricing/Availability: Generally good availability in both board and turning blank form. Expect prices to be high for an imported hardwood, though not as prohibitively high as some of the scarcer rosewoods.

Sustainability: East Indian Rosewood is listed on CITES appendix II under the genus-wide restriction on all Dalbergia species—which also includes finished products made of the wood. It is also listed on the IUCN Red List as vulnerable due to a population reduction of over 20% in the past three generations, caused by a decline in its natural range, and exploitation.

Common Uses: Fine furniture, musical instruments, veneer, turned and other specialty wood objects.

Comments: East Indian Rosewood has been used extensively on acoustic guitars since the mid 1960s as a substitute for the now-endangered Brazilian Rosewood.

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East Indian Rosewood is a true rosewood and on everyone’s short list of the world’s most beautiful lumbers.  Prized for both veneers and hardwoods this species is found in many Asian antiques.  It has a very fine texture and brown to purple heartwood.  As with other members of the dalbergia family, East Indian Rosewood is very dense and will yield a soft satin finish.

Characteristics of East Indian Rosewood

East Indian Rosewood Lumber Detailed Pricing:

Wood of the Month has featured many rosewoods: Brazilian and Honduran rosewood, Brazilian tulipwood, cocobolo, and even blackwood, a close relative of the rosewood family, as a member of Dalbergia species. The focus for this month’s column is the fine furniture wood — East Indian rosewood, Dalbergia latifolia. East Indian rosewood is its common name in the United States, but related species of rosewood from India of commercial importance are Dalbergia javanica and Dalbergia sissoo.

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The trees are native to Southern Asia, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Java. Damp growing conditions are said to be ideal for the tree, but it has a wide-growing area. East Indian rosewood trees can be large, but tree size varies by location and growing conditions. At its tallest, the tree is 100 feet. Diameters vary widely reaching, up to 5 feet, although smaller diameters are possible.

East Indian rosewood and related species of Dalbergia have long been prized for yielding fine solid wood and veneer for use in furniture, cabinetry and high-end architectural woodwork. “The Wood Handbook, Wood as an Engineering Material,” from the Forest Products Laboratory, describes Indian rosewood as “essentially a decorative wood for high-class furniture and cabinetwork,” similar in looks to Brazilian and Honduran rosewood. “Indian rosewood is a heavy timber with high-strength properties and is particularly hard for its weight after being thoroughly seasoned.”

The wood earns high marks for beauty with a heartwood that is medium-to-dark brown and sometimes purple with bold dark brown to dark purple streaks. The dark streaks show the termination of growth marks. Selected logs yield an attractive ribbon-stripe grain. The wood has a uniform texture. Rosewood is so named for the fragrance of roses the cut wood produces when first cut. It has no taste or odor when the material is seasoned.

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Uses and Characteristics
In countries where it grows, uses for the wood include plywood, skis, boats, and flooring, shop, office and bank fittings, and exterior joinery.

It is good for turnery. Rosewood specialty items include turned knobs, drawer pulls and handles. It has long been a favorite for making carpenters’ tools and cutlery; decorative boxes are also made from rosewood. It is also popular for many types of furniture, such as Scandinavian-style furniture. Figured veneers are used to make high-end paneling, paneled doors and cabinetry.

Calcerous and gum deposits in the wood can pose problems. Logs with calcerous deposits are more prone to checking, according to “Veneers,” a Fritz Kohl Handbook from Interwood Forest Products Inc. of Shelbyville, KY. The deposits can shorten the lifespan of cutting surfaces and at the finishing stage, although “colored deposits in the pores dissolve when solvents containing alcohol are used, and as a result, this can lead to stains.” The sapwood and heartwood of East Indian rosewood are clearly demarcated. Its color deepens after seasoning.

Rosewood enjoys a long history as a fine furniture wood. The Chinese writer, Cao Zhao, in the “The Essential Criteria of Antiquities” (1388) wrote: “Its fragrance much resembles that of the truth-bringing incense. Quite what truths are brought remain a mystery to those who work with it; the dust is amongst the most irritating, debilitating, allergy provoking of any timber.” The authors write that in America and England “the introduction of rosewood made a dramatic impact on early 19th-century interiors.”

While rosewood has enjoyed a long history and reputation of being an expensive and beautiful cabinet wood, it has also been used for less glamorous applications such as posts and rafters. Long ago the Chinese were said to use it to make spokes for the wheels of military chariots.

East Indian Rosewood is a large tree that is found most commonly in Southern India and Ceylon. The tree often grow up to 24m in height. It is also known as Bombay Rosewood, and a plantation grown variety is marketed as ‘Sonokeling’.

The base colour of East Indian Rosewood is medium to dark brown with a distinct purple cast. The wood if usually marked with dark purple or even black line. It is heavy, hard, and sable in use. It tends to be difficult to work by hand and has a blunting effect on tools. Typical of most rosewoods, East Indian Rosewood has a fragrant smell when worked, but the dust is reported to be an allergen or sensitizer for some people.

East Indian Rosewood is most often used in high quality furniture, cabinetry, and musical instruments – especially guitar backs. It is often regularly used for turnings, decorative veneer, and marquetry.

Also known as:

• Bombay Rosewood
• sonokeling

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18” tall by 9.5” diameter. Native to the South Indian peninsula, this tree species was transplanted to South Florida more than a century ago.  This is a very highly prized wood and very difficult to get in log form. Boards of this lumber type can sell for in excess of $30 per foot. It is very dense, extremely heavy, but works well with premium turning tools. This piece has a truly wonderful shape that has captivated me as of late.  You can also see a delicious contrast between the lighter-colored sapwood and the darker heartwood. This piece invites a level of appreciation meant only for the most savvy collectors.

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